TNE lifecycle starts with filling the gaps in the supply of local higher education before its focus shifts to diversifying local provision, enhancing its quality and developing its capacity in niche subject areas.
This article argues that while it is important to monitor carefully those activities that can be measured, universities should not dismiss those activities that cannot.
While human capital is widely considered an individual good, it is now a social property used by the Vietnamese government to enhance its political image as a democratic and progressive socialist country.